Pile fabric loom



March 28, 1939. H. v. HARDIMAN FILE FABRIC LOQM Filed Feb. 15, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 1 m m Y M E T N R T m A T WA A w March 28, 1939. H v.HARDIMAN 2,152,592

PILE FABR IC LOOM' Filed Feb. 15, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l I 000.. a 82 129.5 3 I o WW I \&

ATTORNEY FILE FABRIC LOOM Filed Feb. 15, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 \SggATTORNEY the i939 i $152,592 I YUNHITEDQ s ATss -PATE.NT,

I run mnarc mou Harold v. Hardiman, Thompsonville, Coma, as-

signer to Bigelow-Sanford Carpet 'Ihompstprivllle, Com, a corporationof, m:- I

Application February 15, 1937, Serial'No. 125,093"

' 14 Claims. (61.139-21) This invention relates to pile fabric looms andFig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section through the particularly to novelmechanism in such looms for double face fabric of Fig. 2; a effecting atight draw of'the weft threads around Fig.4 is va plan view of suchfabric;

the-selvage. I a i 1 v i Fig; is a detailed elevation view of certain 1In pile fabric looms of thet'yp in which the pile parts of Fig. 6; and ja v 5 yarns are introduced as warps forming a part of Fig. 6 is aperspective view of a double face loom the shed, a-problem ispresented-in that the tena with a preferred embodiment of my inventionsion of the shuttle on'the weft thread has not been inco p t th inp V aseffective as is desired for drawing the weft In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 I' aindicated a d ubl a 1o ti htly about the selva'ge,'which has resulted infabric lhaving an upper baki 18fi fi l a l w r objectionable loomness ofthe pile tufts and backbacking fabric 3 and, pile yarns 4 woven"therensfa ric warps along the selvage. and in th between. As customary in weaviig fabrics ofthis formation vof unpresentable loops of weft at the y thepp nd l wer f r s (are Separated by selvage. knife mechanism severingthe pileyarns 4 inter- I My experiments have shpwn t t t d mediate, thebacking fabrics 2 and {to form two ll lying cause of such looseness andweft loops is that individual P fabric-iv at the time of certain shuttlei'd'averses'thev pile The W D Sheds formed w W -V1118 such wa ps crossthe backing fabric warps in the h double face fabrics may vary, but atypical formaat points spaced from the fell; which: crossings 111011 y os st. as indicated, 0! t Stuffei p 2o resist the drawing of the wefttoward the ten 5 and binder'wnrlis t o the upper fabric under theavailable tension in the shuttle. When e II and l r "W 1 la and the theweft shot is beaten up, the warp crossings are W? fabric Shed, 1 8 tweenwhich fl fl moved with the weft to the fell and the 'excess fabric w nthe bi warps 8 all i t uced weft thread extending outside the shedbetween from warp beams or creel 890018 and formed o 25. the crossingsand t gen germs u mm a 1 sheds by the usual harness mechanism 28 potruding from the selvage. In Fig; 1 a weft thread I I has'iust-beenintro- It is the primary object of the present invention the shuttleSKFIE- 3) entering the h to eliminate this condition and 1 have foundthat l It l be mted that at "mashed the-P116 that result may eflecflvelyb mg u by warps 8 extend from the lower backing fabric I 30 relievingthe warps, and particularly t crossings upwardly to cross the backingfabric binder warps thereof at the time the shuttle tension is acting toof the upper fabric at Point"-8 ltwmch are quite draw the weft to thefell. Aswm appear, 1 y 7 remote from the fell ll of the cloth. Yaccomplish this result in a number of ways, such; As a result of thesecrossings, the tension of the as by deflecting one ormore of the sets ofwa s shuttle on the weft has not beeneifective todraw .-form1ng theshed, toward t 1 and the weft tightly against the fell I 3, as isdesired, 85

during the throw of the h tt Alternatively I but the weft movementtoward the fell has been may release the tension t a a slack in himpeded by the warp crossings I 2, thereby formarps at such timeintervals which also eil'ecingtlength weft, Outside the shed and tivelyrelieves the crossings. In some looms, Dflrbetween the n and crossing I40 tjcularly of t double fac typewhere the prom As will be understood,the beat-up of the lay 40 lam is extreme because of the v follows theintroduction of the weft thread |0;and crossings from the zen ash 2 3212or the it will be apparent that as the weft is beaten up pile warps smmnfr 1 to th 7 against the fell, the excess weft II will form itselfm:mathematicia s:2:52a m Pmtmm time t or Thes and 1 e objects andadvantages upper fabric, previous loops so formed being desig- 45 listedat, 20. Such loo formation my invention appe mm a more detailedlooseness in the weave at the selvag e d slsz I description thereof inconnection with the accomt t m what from the desired trim vappearpanyins fil s- 8 n hi ance of the selvage.

Fig. -1 a perspect ve w i it double face. In Fig. 2 Ihaveindlcated oneform of my novel fabric, indicating a typical condition which mymechanism for'overcoming this diiliculty, and as invention reme ie 5there shown, I' provide for" the purpose a. member Fig. 2 is a Similperspective V ing the 25 secured to a vertical shaft 28 periodicallyromode of ope a o of my wa p enga in member tated in a manner to bedescribed to assume the in such double face looms; position indicatedlung. 2. The member Iihu warp engaging face 28. which, as indicated inFig. 3, is adapted to abut the "pile warps 8 and move them to theirdotted line positions indicated at 9'. By such movement ofthe pile warpsthe crossings l2, above described, are moved toward the fell, asindicated at l2.

Referring again to Fig. 2, when the weft thread it is now drawn throughthe shed, the tension in the shuttle will be effective to draw the weftcloser 10' to the fell, leaving only a negligible portion of the weftextending outside the shed. The mem-' ber 25 is retracted immediatelyprior-to the beatup of the lay, and, in such beat-up, the weft III isclosely compacted against the fell forming tightly 15 drawn loops28'rather than the objectionably protruding loops 28, with consequentlooseness, as before. 1

Referring now to Fig. 8 wherein I have illustrated certain parts of adouble face loom incorporating a preferred embodiment of my invention,the loom has the usual breast-plate 88 to support the fabric I and isprovided with harness mechanism 8| for forming warp sheds in the usualmanner. The above described member 25 is, as stated, secured to one endof the vertical shaft 28, to the other end of which is secured a lever4| pivoted at 82 to a link 88. The link 48 is pivoted at 84 to an armloosely journaled at 48 on the shaft 85. The arm 45 carries a 80 camfollowing roller II which is spring pressedformed when the shuttle S(Fig. 3), carrying' the weft threads for thelower fabric, enters theshed at .the seivage 88.

Accordingly, I provide, in proximity to the.

45 selvage edge 88 a warp engaging member ll identical to theabove'described member 25, which member 18' is secured to a vertical rod1| rotated at intervals by mechanism which is the same as that actuatingthe member 25' and in 50 cludes the-linkage I2, ll and I4 operated bycam roller engaging cam II also secured to the shaft 58. I

. As indicated, the cams l2 and 18 are shaped to actuate the members 25and It at diiferent 5-5 times and once each per loom cycle, namely whenthe followers engage the lowportions 52a and 18a of the cams. The propertiming of the actuations of both members relative to theshuttle traverseand' the lay beat-up is effected by providing dwells 52a and 18a ofproper length and l f by suitably positioning the cams on the shaft 58;

which, "as stated, rotates one revolution per loom cycle. Member 25wipes in tokdeflect the pile warps engaged by it toward the fellimmediately ,prior to the traverse of shuttle B through shed 'll of theupper fabric 2.. After the completion of the'shot and immediately priorto the beat up, it is retracted to its position indicated and 70 it doesnot operate again until after the shuttle S has returned and i'saga'inabout to enter shed l l-froni'the seivageedge ii. The member II operatesin similarly timed relation to the entrance of'shuttle B. fromthe'selva'ge 88 into a 7 cprrespondingly formed shed of the lower fabric3 and is similarly retracted prior to the next suc- I 'ceeding beat-up.

As stated above, the problem of weftjlooseness is'most troublesome indouble face fabrics for the reason that the cross line I2 is more remotefrom the fell in weaves of thatcharacter due to the shifting of the pilewarps from one backing fabric to the other. Although I have found themembers 25 and I0 alone to be effective for obviating this difllculty, Iprefer .to enhance their operation by the provision of mechanism,indicatedgenertilly at 88 and II, which is adapted to release thetension in the pile warps to provide a slack in those warps at the timesthe members 25 and 18 are functioning.

' The warp slack devices 88 and 8| are inall respects identical inconstructionand each has a vertically reciprocating Warppngaging member82 having upper and lower jaws 98 and 8| (Fig. 5) protruding from 'a hub92, between which jaws a number of pile warps 8 are threaded. Onopposite sides of the member 82 and in horizontal alignment with thelower jaw 9| thereof when the member 82 is elevated, are the warpsupporting ledges 88 and 88. The ledges 82 and 88 are formed bybending-over strips of metal. secured to a boss 88. A clamp 81secures-the slack member to a rod 88,01 the loom frame. Verticalreciprocation of the member 82 is effected by a rod 88 secured to hub 92and passing through a hole drilled in the boss 88.' Both rods 98 arepivoted tolevers 98 fixed to separate shafts 95 and 98 independentlyrotatable in the bearing 81. The shaft 95 has an arm I 88 carrying a camfollower IM spring pressed at I82 against cam I83 secured to shaft 50.Similarly the shaft 98 carries fixed to it the lever I85 having camfollower'l08 spring pressed .by spring I01. against cam I88 which isalso secured to the shaft 58, i i

when the loom is threaded with pile warps the selected number of warpson each side which are to be deflected by the members." and 18 arepassed over the warp supporting ledges 88 and 84 of the slack devices 80and 8| and between the tongues 98 and 9| of their respective verticallyreciprocalmember 82. If desired a slight amount of slack may be providedin these sel'vage' warps during such threading by moving both members 82to their depressed positions indicated for the device 80, during suchthreading. I have found, however, that if no such slack is provided butthe yarn threaded while the warp depressing membersof both slackingdevices 88 and 8| are elevated, the'stretch in the yarn i ncident to theinitial loom operations will soon producetthe necessary amount of slack.

The shape and position on shaft 50 of the tension releasing operatingcams Hi3 and I08 are so chosen relative to cams 52 and I6 operating themembers 25 and 18, as above .described, that the member 82 of slacker80, for example, is moved from its depressed or yarn deflecting positionindicated to its-elevated position prior to and during the movement ofthe'member 25 from its .retracted position to its position in deflectingengagement with the pile warps. The release of tension and the slackthereby provided in the pile warps relieve the tension at the crossingsl2 and facilitates the deflecting of the warps by the member 25. whenthe member 25 is retracted the slacker 80 does not immediately return toits depressed position, but there is a pause before such depressionsumcient for beat-up of the lay and shift of the harness to form'thenext shed. In that manner I insure that the weft thread is not movedaway from the fell by the takeup of the slack.

The slacker '8! is similarly timed with the member ll.

The problem of loose weft selvage isnot confined to double face fabrics,but is also present in varying degrees in single face fabrics. Where thepile is high in such fabrics the warp crossings may be quite remote fromthe fell. Even where the pile is low a problem arises in broad loomsbecause the available tension in the shuttle to draw in the weft is morelimited than in narrower ',looms, for the reason that excessive tensionmay so retard the shuttle during its long traverse across a broadloomthat it will not reach the box at the end of the traverse, with obviousconsequences. It is obvious therefore that the mechanisms abovedescribed are not limited to use in doubleface looms.

Although I have not illustrated the use of a warp deflector or awarpslack mechanism, such as those described in the double face loom ina single face loom, it will be appreciated that such mechanism can alsobe employed, in such a loom if desired. Furthermore, in some looms,either single or double face, the warp crossings may be relievedsufficiently to warp slack mechanism alone without a warp deflector.

It will be appreciated that the embodiments of my invention hereindisclosed are subject to various modifications without departing fromthe spirit of my' invention, which is to be limited only as indicated inthe appended claims. Thus the warp slack mechanism. or the warpdeflecting members or both may engage all of the pile yarns rather thana limited number adjacent the selvage as herein indicated. Although Ihave described herein certain movements of those warp yarns which formthe pile as eifective for the purpose, it is obvious that similarresults can be accomplished by moving the binder'or stufier warps orboth.

I claim:-

1. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of heddles for forming warpsheds wherein warps shuttle, entering the shed at the adjacent selvage,

shifting pile warps from one backing fabric to the other to form shedsin which pile warps form crossings with backing fabric warps at pointsremote from the fell, a pair of warp deflectors, one disposed adjacenteach side edge of the double fabric and each being independently movableto wipe in between the planes of the upper number only of pile warps andcrossings toward I the fell, and means for alternately wiping in thedeflectors, said means being timed with the shuttle mechanism to disposethe crossings, so.

,pile warps crossing from one backing fabric to the other, thecombination of harness mechanism for shifting pile warps-from onebacking fabric to the other to form upper and lower sheds in both ofwhich pile warps form crossings with backing fabric warps remote fromthe fell, shuttles for the upper and lower fabrics adapted to introduceweft shots into the upper and lower sheds behind said crossings, a pairof warp deflectors, one disposed adjacent each side edge of the doublefabric and each being mounted to wipe in behind a limited number only ofpile warps leading to a correspondingly limited number of crossingsadjacent its respective side edge of the fabric and to move said limitednumber of warps and crossings only toward the fell, means for wiping inone of the deflectors immediately prior to the throw of the shuttleentering the upper shed from one side of the fabric and means for wipingin the other deflector immediately prior to the throw of the othershuttle entering the lower shed from the opposite side of the fabric,whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by thetension in the shuttle.

4. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of heddles for forming warpsheds wherein warps form crossings at points spaced from the fell,shuttle mechanism for introducing weft shots into the sheds thus formed,a warp deflector movably mounted in position to enter an opening behindwarps leading to crossings and to move said warps and crossings towardthe fell, warp slacking means positioned to engage warps so moved andoperable to produce a slack therein, means for actuating said slackingmeans, and means for actuating said warp deflector, said severalactuating means being timed with relation to each other and to theshuttle mechanism to move slacked'warps toward the fell andto disposethe said crossings in proximity to the fell when the shuttle is thrown,whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by thetension in the shuttle.

5. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of heddles forforming warpsheds wherein warps form crossings remote from the fell, shuttlemechanism for introducing weft shots into the sheds thus formed andbehind said crossings, a warp deflector movably mounted in position toengage a limited number only of warps leading to a correspondinglylimited number of crossings adjacent a selvage and to move said limitednumber of warps and crossings only toward the fell, warp slacking meanspositioned to engagev said limited number only of warps and operable toproduce a slack therein, means for actuating said slacking means andmeans for actuating said warp deflector, said several actuating meansbeing timed in relation to each other and to the shuttle mechanism tomove slacked warps toward the fell and to dispose said crossings inproximity to the fell when the shuttle, entering the shed at saidselvage,- is thrown, whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft towardthe fell by the tension 75 and lower backing fabrics and to move alimited in the shuttle.

' means positioned to engage said limited number anism to move slackedwarps toward the fell and I positioned in proximity to thefell of thefabric weft at the side of the fabric is avoided.

, troducing weft shots into the sheds thus formed which they lead and tohold said warps and crossforming warp sheds in certain of which thewarps means for actuating the demtor while the-reed is 6. In a pilefabric loom, the combination of backto advance, toward the fell, saidsetof,warps heddles for forming warp sheds wherein pile warps formcrossings with backing fabric warps remote from the fell, shuttlemechanism for insaid warps and crossings so moved during the insertionof weft behind said, crossings so that the picking mechanism draws theweft, so inserted, close to the deflector and to the fell at the sideand behind said crossings, a warp deflector movof the fabric before thereed beats up said weft,

ably mountedradjacent the fell in position to enter an opening behind alimited number only whereby looping of the weft atthe side is avoided.

10. In a pile faric loom, the combination of a of pile warps leading toa correspondingly limited reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses fornumber of crossings adjacent a selvage and to move said limited numberof pile warps and crossings only toward the fell, warp slacking formcrossings remote from the fell, P

only of pile warps and operable to produce a reed, on some of whichbeats the weft is inserted slack therein, means for actuating saidslacking behind remote crossings, a pair of warp'deflectors, means, andmeans for actuating said warp deflector,'said several actuating meansbeing timed with m vably mounted in position to enter a warp relationtoeach other and to the shuttle meche Opening behind y a limited numberwarps leading to a correspondingly limited number of crossings adjacentits'respective selvage and to move said limited number of warps andcrossings forwardly toward the fell, 'and means for alterto dispose saidcrossings in proximity to the fell when the shuttle, entering the shedat said selv-l age, is thrown, whereby to facilitate the draw of theweft toward the fell by the tension in the h tt I when the reed is backto advance, toward the i. In a pile fabric loom, the combination offell, its espective limi mb of .w ips and heddles for forming-warp shedswherein pile' warpsformcrossings, with backing fabric warps at pointsspaced from the fell, shuttle mechanism for introducing -weft shots intothe sheds thus Weft n e e l se to its deflector and to the formed, warpslacking means positioned to enbefore the reed beets up said Weft, e ygage pile warps and operable alternately to tenop 0 th 'we a the se vages isavoided. sion and release the pile warps so engaged to produce aslack therein, warp deflecting means moved during the insertion of theweft from said a reed, harnesses for forming warp shedswherein pilewarps and backing fabric warps form and movably mounted to move pilewarps and crossings toward the felLand means for a uinserting Weft thesheds s m d and sting said slacking means and said pile warp behind Saidcrossings. P p ns sin'g means deflecting means in timed relation witheach Operable at times to u i e warps u der tension other and with theshuttle mechanism to provide and at other times to r se e t sion on saidthe said slackand simultaneously to move the P warps t0 P slack h r in;and means said pile warps and crossings toward the fell actuating 581d PW rp ns' sing' means at prior to the completion of predetermined throwse time when the e back and in 0 d1na-. of the shuttle whereby tofacilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by the tension in theshuttle.

lease the tension on said pile warps so. that there is slack thereinwhen the weft is drawn against 8. In a pile fabric loom, the combinationof a the crossings during its insertion, whereby, befcre reed, reedbeat-up mechanism, harnesses for the eed heats up the w t e may heidmwh1 mi s Wm shed; umertam f which the warps close to the fell adjacent theselvage by the ten-. form crossings remote from the fell, picking 5111the weft Inserting mechanism mechanism for inserting weft on each beatof the In Pue tab! it the combination reed, on some of which beats theweft is inserted harnesses forming warp sheds wherebehind remotecrossings, a warp deflector mov- 111 warps and been!!! fabric warps ablymounted to enter from the side of the warps rossings remote from thefell,.mechanism for into a warp opening behind a set of warps leadininserting mto the sheds )hhus firmed and to remote crossings and meansfor actuating the behind said cmsshlgsmeans ehghge a deflector while thereed is back to advance, toward limited number Due warps leading to saidand the crossings to which they lead and to hold forming warp sheds incertain of which the warps nately actuating each of the deflectors attimes crossings remote from the fell, mechanism for tion with the weftinserting mechanism to remechanism for inserting weft on each beat ofthe crossings and to hold said warps-and crossings so selvage so thatthe picking mechanism draws the t I 11. In a pile fabric loom,. thecombination of I the fell, said set of warps and the crossings tocrossing adieceht vese, said means bein operable at times to put saidlimited number of ings so moved during the insertion of weft behind\warps under ension and at other times to regaid crossings so t t tplckjng mechamsm lease the tension thereon to provide slack therein,draws the weft, so inserted, close to the deflector im m s for actuatings i pil W rp 118 -81118 and to the fell at the side of the fabric beforethe means at im when the reed is back and in coreed b ats up said weft,whereby looping of the ordination with the weftinserting mechanism torelease the tension on said warps soxthat there is more slack thereinthan in the warpsnot so engaged when the weft is drawn against the.crossings during its insertion, whereby, before the reed form crossingsremote from the fell, picking beats up the weft, the weft may be drawnclose mechanism for inserting weft on each beat of the to the felladjacent the selvage by the tension reed, on some ofwhich beats the weftis inserted of the weft inserting mechanism.

behind remote crossing WarD de r, piv- 13.In a pile fabric. loom thecombination of oted adjacent the fell in p iti n to be w g from a reed,reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses. for the side of the warps into a warpopening behind a set of warps leading to remote crossings and 9. In apile fabric loom, the combination of a reed, reed beat-up mechanism,harnesses for forming warp sheds .in certain of which pile serting wefton each beat of the reed, on some of which beats the weft is insertedbehind remote crossings, a warp'deflector movably mounted to enter fromthe side of the warps into a warp opening behind a set of pile warpsleading to remote crossings, pile warp engaging means operable at timesto put said set of pile warps under tension and at othertimes to releasethe tension on said set of pile warps to provide slack therein, meansfor actuating said pile warp engaging means to release the tension onsaid set of pile warps so that there is slack therein when the reed isback, and means for actuating the deflector to advance, toward the fell,both the pile warps in which the tension is so released and thecrossings to which they lead, so that the picking 3 mechanism draws theweft, thereafter inserted, close to the deflector and to the fell at theside of the fabric before the reed beats up said weft, whereby loopingof the weft at the side of the fabric is avoided.

14. In a double face fabric loom for weavin upper and lower backingfabrics connected by pile warps crossing from one backing fabric to theother, the combination of a reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses .forforming warp sheds for the upper and lower fabrics in which the pilewarps form crossings with the upper backing warps remote from the upperfell when the pile warps cross from the lower to the upper fabric andform other crossings with the lower backing warps remote from the lowerfell when the pile warps cross from the upper to the lower fabric,picking mechanism for inserting weft in the upper and lower sheds oneach beat of the reed and behind remote crossings successively in theupper and lower sheds, a pair of warp deflectors, one disposed adjacenteach side edge of the double fabric and each being mounted to wipe inbehind pile warps leading to crossings and to move said warps andcrossings forwardly, means for actuating one of the deflectors while thereed is back to advance, toward the upper fell, crossings remote fromthe upper fell and to hold the crossings so moved while the weft ispicked through the upper shed from the side of the fabric adjacent thesaid deflector and means for actuating the other deflector while thereed is back on the next succeeding beat to advance, toward the lowerfell, crossings remote from the lower fell and to hold the crossings somoved while the weft is picked through the lower shed from the side ofthe fabric adjacent said other deflector so that the picking mechanismdraws the wefts so inserted close to y the deflectors and to the fellsbefore the reed beats up said wefts whereby looping of the wefts at theselvages is avoided.

HAROLD V. HARDIMAN.

